Wellness Database
Wellness Database: Diabetes
Diabetes is an increasingly common condition that is often caused by dietary factors. Poor nutrition and lifestyle condition can contribute to this chronic condition.
Related Studies
Anthocyanin-rich Fruit Reduces Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Summary: Eating foods rich in anthocyanin, like blueberries, may lower risk of developing type-2 diabetes. Researchers evaluated the relationships between intakes of different flavonoid subclasses and type 2 diabetes. Subjects were women (n=70,359) in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1984-2008), women (n=89,201) in the NHS II (1991-2007), and men (n=41,334) in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2006) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. Researchers found higher intakes of anthocyanin-rich food were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, particularly blueberries and apples/pears.
Reference: "Dietary flavonoid intakes and risk of type 2 diabetes in US men and women," Wedick NM, Pan A, et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 2012 Apr; 95(4):925-33. (Address: Departments of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. E-mail: .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address) ).
Flaxseed May Reduce Cholesterol and Hyperglycemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Summary: Flaxseeds may have a therapeutic role to play in the management of diabetes mellitus. Subjects in this study were assigned to the flaxseed consumption (FS)(n = 18) or a control group (n = 11) on the basis of their desire to participate in the study. Treatment group received daily 10 g of FS powder for 1 month. The control group received no supplementation or placebo. Results indicated that supplementation with FS reduced fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These results suggest flaxseed powder may benefit diabetics.
Reference: "An Open-Label Study on the Effect of Flax Seed Powder (Lignum usitatissimum) Supplementation in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus," Mani UV, Mani I, et al, J Diet Suppl, 2011 Sep; 8(3): 257-65. (Address: Department of Foods and Nutrition, Faculty of Family and Community Sciences, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research & Training in Promoting Nutrition in Health & Development, M.S. University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. E-mail: .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address) ).
Vitamin D Supplementation May Decrease Risk for Diabetes in Prediabetic Individuals
Summary: Vitamin D supplementation may be effective in the prevention of type 2 diabetes in prediabetic individuals (participants were 2,378 subjects; 980 women and 1,398 men; aged 35-56 years without known type 2 diabetes). Baseline was set using OGTTs, vitamin D and IGF peptide measurements, and anthropometric and lifestyle data. Participants who had prediabetes or type 2 diabetes at follow-up 8-10 years later were selected as cases. Researchers found that men but not women in the highest quartile of vitamin D level had a decreased OR for developing type 2 diabetes after adjustment for confounders. In both sexes, progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes was reduced by about 25% per 10 nmol/l increase in vitamin D. A high IGFBP-1 value was a better predictor of a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes than high vitamin D for both sexes, whereas high IGF-1 concentrations predicted a decreased risk only in men. High serum vitamin D concentrations predict a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in individuals with prediabetes, but not NGT. No significant interactions between vitamin D and IGFBP-1 or IGF-1 in terms of risk of diabetes. Data suggests that vitamin D supplementation may prevent type 2 diabetes in prediabetic individuals.
Reference: "Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level predicts progression to type 2 diabetes in individuals with prediabetes but not with normal glucose tolerance," Deleskog A, Hilding A, et al, Diabetologia, 2012 Mar 17; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address) ).
Alpha-lipoic Acid Benefits Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Summary: In a randomized, placebo-controlled study involving 38 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid (300, 600, 900, and 1200 mg/d) for a period of 6 months was found to be associated with reductions in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, an increase in urinary PGF2?-Isoprostanes was only found in the placebo group and not the ALA-treated group, suggesting ALA may suppress lipid peroxidation. Levels of 8-OHdg, urinary microalbumin, and serum creatinine were similar in both ALA and placebo groups. The authors conclude, "Results from this study reflected the benefits of ALA in glucose status with slight efficiency on oxidative stress-related deterioration in DM patients."
Reference: "Glycemic and oxidative status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus following oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study," Porasuphatana S, Suddee S, et al, Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2012; 21(1): 12-21. (Address: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. E-mail: .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address) ).
Vitamin C Supplementation May Reduce Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes
Summary: Study authors examined the effect of oral vitamin C with metformin on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week study. Subjects (n=70) were patients with type 2 DM. Fasting (FBS,) post-meal blood glucose (PMBG,) glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma ascorbic acid level (PAA) were assessed. Patients were divided randomly into placebo and vitamin C group. Decreased PAA levels were reversed significantly after treatment with vitamin C along with metformin compared to placebo with metformin. FBS, PMBG, and HbA1c levels showed significant improvement after 12 weeks of treatment with vitamin C. Researchers conclude that supplementation of vitamin C with metformin may reverse ascorbic acid levels, reduce FBS, PMBG, and improve HbA1c.
Reference: "Supplementation of vitamin C reduces blood glucose and improves glycosylated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind study," Dakhale GN, Chaudhari HV, Shrivastava M, Adv Pharmacol Sci, 2011; 2011:19527; Epub 2011 Dec 28. (Address: Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur 440018, India. E-mail: .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address) ).
Healthy Substitutions for Red Meat Reduce Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Summary: In this study, researchers found an associative risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) relative to red meat consumption in an evaluation of 204,157 subjects taken from three studies [Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2006), men (n= 37,083); Nurses' Health Study I (1980-2008), women (n= 79,570); Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2005), women (n= 87,504 )]. Diet was assessed by validated food-frequency questionnaires, and data were updated every 4 years. Incident T2D was confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. Authors documented 13,759 incidences of T2D. After adjustment for age, BMI, and other lifestyle and dietary risk factors, both unprocessed and processed red meat intakes were positively associated with T2D risk in each cohort. The pooled HRs (95% CIs) for a one serving/d increase in unprocessed, processed, and total red meat consumption were 1.12 (1.08, 1.16), 1.32 (1.25, 1.40), and 1.14 (1.10, 1.18), respectively. Authors estimated that substitutions of one serving of nuts, low-fat dairy, and whole grains per day for one serving of red meat per day were associated with a 16-35% lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
Reference: "Red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis," Pan A, Hu FB, et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 2011 Oct; 94(4): 1088-1096. [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. E-mail: .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address) ).
Adolescent Dairy Product Consumption May Reduce the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Adulthood
Summary: In a study involving 37,038 women who had completed a food-frequency questionnaire about their diet during high school, those consuming the most dairy products during high school (highest quintile, 2 servings/d) were found to have a 38% lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (RR=0.62), as compared to those in the lowest quintile of intake. The association persisted after adjustment for adult risk factors, but was attenuated after adjustment for adult dairy product consumption. The authors conclude, "Our data suggest that higher dairy product intake during adolescence is associated with a lower risk of T2D. Some of the benefits of dairy product intake during high school may be due to the persistence of the consumption pattern during adulthood."
Reference: "Adolescent dairy product consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged women," Malik VS, Sun Q, et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 2011 Sept; 94(3): 854-61. (Address: Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA).
Alpha Lipoic Acid May Prevent Progression of Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Summary: In a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study involving 460 diabetic patients with mild-to-moderate diabetic distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN), supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid (600 mg/d) for a period of 4 years was found to be associated with a clinically meaningful improvement and prevention of progression of neuropathic impairments, while the primary composite endpoints (composite score Neuropathy Impairment Score- Lower Limbs and 7 neurophysiologic tests) did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. Additional research is warranted.
Reference: "Efficacy and Safety of Antioxidant Treatment With {alpha}-Lipoic Acid Over 4 Years in Diabetic Polyneuropathy: The NATHAN 1 Trial," Ziegler D, Low PA, et al, Diabetes Care, 2011 July 25; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research and Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany).
Vitamin D Deficiency Is Risk Factor For Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Summary: In a study involving 210 patients with type 2 diabetes with or without diabetic peripheral neuropathy, vitamin D deficiency was found to be an independent risk factor for peripheral neuropathy. Of the 210 diabetic subjects, 87 were found to have diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and these patients were found to have a significantly longer duration of diabetes as well as higher HbA(1c). The mean vitamin D level was found to be significantly lower in subjects with peripheral neuropathy (36.9 nmol/L), as compared to those without neuropathy (58.32 nmol/L). Of patients with neuropathy, 81.5% were found to be vitamin D deficient, as compare to just 60.4% of those without neuropathy. Furthermore, vitamin D levels were significantly associated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and urine microalbumin:creatinine ratio. According to binary logistic regression analysis, diabetic peripheral neuropathy was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (OR=3.47). The authors conclude, "Vitamin D deficiency is an independent risk factor for diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and further studies are required to confirm if Vitamin D supplementation could prevent or delay the onset."
Reference: "Does Vitamin D deficiency play a role in peripheral neuropathy in Type 2 diabetes?" Shehab D, Al-Jarallah K, et al, Diabet Med, 2011 Nov 2; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Department of Medicine Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Department of Medicine, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait).
Beta-glucan May Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Individuals at Risk for Diabetes
Summary: Findings suggest barley beta-glucan may improve insulin sensitivity in individuals at risk for diabetes. This prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group trial evaluated 50 healthy subjects without prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Majority of participants (68%) were women (56 y) with a body mass index (BMI) of 32 kg/m2 and baseline fasting plasma glucose of 102 mg/dl. Subjects were administered beverages containing either placebo (control), lower dose (3 g/d), or higher dose (6 g/d) reduced viscosity barley beta-glucan (BBG) extract, 3x daily with meals for 12 weeks and instructed to follow a weight-maintaining Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet. The four primary study endpoint measures were plasma glucose and insulin [each fasting and post-Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing (OGTT)]. Compared to placebo, administration of 3 g/d BBG over 12 weeks significantly reduced glucose incremental Area Under the Curve (iAUC) measures during OGTT and administration of 6 g/d BBG over 12 weeks significantly reduced fasting insulin as well as the related homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). These results suggest barley beta-glucan may exert beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity.
Reference: "Reduced viscosity Barley beta-Glucan versus placebo: a randomized controlled trial of the effects on insulin sensitivity for individuals at risk for diabetes mellitus," Bays H, Frestedt JL, et al, Nutr Metab (Lond), 2011 Aug 16; 8:58. (Address: Frestedt Incorporated, 2708 Vernon Avenue South, Minneapolis, 55416, USA. E-mail: .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address) ).
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